Looking at code, it‘s easier to spot the missing check for an error code, than a not catched exceptions.

Also error codes are part of the signature of a function, which exceptions aren‘t.

If you need to wrap each call in try/catch, it's better to use return codes in some form or rethink the approach.

may I introduce you to the nodiscard attribute[1]?

  enum (class)? [[nodiscard]] Error {
    Ok,
    NoMem,
    ...
  };

[1]: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/attributes/nodisc...

   C attribute: nodiscard (since C23)

[1] https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/attributes/nodiscar...

FWIW I’ve been using warn_unused_result in both gcc and clang since about 2020.

Yep, partial remedies are available for quite some time.