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They also have it with disks local and remote. The idea is that the CPU is running user code 100% of the time and that it doesn’t need to wait for anything.


With the mainframe all disks are external. This diagram [0] does a good job of showing that.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_key_data#/media/File:IBM...


Most enterprise servers use external storage arrays.


In the PC world this has been done couple of times, eg https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2O from the late 90’s.

I think the real reason why it works for mainframes is that their operating system is so primitive, so it’s easy to cross layers - because there are so few of them. z/OS is closer to MS-DOS than to Unix in that regard.




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